American E-Commerce Business Alliance

There Is $60 Billion
Sitting on the Table.

Foreign sellers hide behind a 1987 treaty. But the law already exists to override it — and recover up to $60 billion in annual U.S. tax revenue they've never paid.

The Supreme Court established the legal principle in South Dakota v. Wayfair (2018). The law already exists. IRC §864, the TCJA, and established withholding mechanisms give the IRS the authority to act today.

A free marketplace must be a fair marketplace.Open competition only works when every participant plays by the same rules. Right now, they don't.

$0B est.

Annual tax revenue recoverable

$9–60B estimated range — see full methodology

0%+

Foreign seller share of U.S. marketplaces

Up from 18% in 2017. At million-dollar sellers: 57% Chinese, 39% American. Marketplace Pulse, 2025

1987

When the tax treaty was written

The U.S.–China Income Tax Treaty predates the commercial internet, Amazon, and e-commerce by decades.

Scroll

E-Commerce Is America's Greatest Entrepreneurship Engine

It allows anyone, anywhere in the United States to build a business. It creates jobs in every state. It generates tax revenue in every community. And it is under threat.

$1.2T

U.S. e-commerce sales (2024)

Doubled from $571B in just five years

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

2M+

American jobs created by marketplace sellers

Growing 11% year-over-year

Source: AboutAmazon.com

50 states

E-commerce sellers in every state

Rural sellers saw 30%+ growth in 2024

Source: Amazon Small Business Report

55K+

Sellers exceeded $1M in sales (2024)

76% of Amazon sellers are profitable

Source: AboutAmazon.com

All of this is being lost to foreign sellers with a regulatory cost advantage.

Foreign sellers pay $0 in U.S. income tax. American sellers pay up to 50.3%. Same platforms. Same customers. Same products. If nothing changes, the American entrepreneurs who built this $1.2 trillion industry will be pushed out of it.

The Core Policy Ask

The IRS Can Recover $9–60 Billion Per Year. No new law required.

Foreign sellers generate an estimated over $220 billion in annual U.S. marketplace sales — storing goods in American warehouses, shipping to American customers, using American infrastructure. They pay zero U.S. income tax.

Under IRC §864, these sellers already have a U.S. Trade or Business. The TCJA (2017) strengthened this authority. The Supreme Court confirmed in South Dakota v. Wayfair (2018) that economic activity alone creates a tax obligation. Established withholding mechanisms (FIRPTA, §3406, §1441) provide the collection tools. The law exists. Apply it.

Revenue from foreign sources — not American taxpayers.

This revenue comes entirely from foreign sellers profiting from American consumers and infrastructure. No new tax on American citizens. No new tariff. No new legislation. Simply enforcing existing law against foreign entities who owe but don't pay.

Scale of the Opportunity

Trump tariffs collected (FY 2025)$195B

Source: CBP / CRFB, 2025

Recoverable by applying existing law — IRC §864 & TCJA (upper estimate)$60B

Source: AEBA analysis

Recoverable by applying existing law — IRC §864 & TCJA (lower estimate)$9B

Source: AEBA analysis

At its upper estimate, annual recoverable revenue from foreign seller taxation equals approximately 31% of all tariff revenue the United States collected in fiscal year 2025—recovered without a single new trade restriction or tariff. See full methodology

What the IRS Must Do — Four Actions

01

Issue Guidance Under IRC §864 & the TCJA

Declare that foreign sellers exceeding $500,000 in annual U.S. marketplace sales or 200 transactions have a U.S. Trade or Business — generating Effectively Connected Income subject to U.S. taxation at standard rates.

02

Assert the "Later in Time" Principle

Clarify that the TCJA (2017) supersedes the 1987 treaty's PE exemption under IRC §7852(d) — or that the treaty's "preparatory or auxiliary" exemption does not apply when marketplace fulfillment is the seller's primary business.

03

Implement Marketplace Withholding

Require platforms to withhold a percentage of disbursements to foreign sellers using existing authority: FIRPTA (§1445), backup withholding (§3406), or §1441/§1442. Collected at the platform level before funds reach foreign accounts.

04

Enforce Filing & Coordinate with Congress

Require foreign sellers to file Form 1120-F or 1040-NR. If additional authority is needed, provide Congress specific recommendations exercising the "later in time" override of the 1987 treaty.

The Legal Framework: Why This Works

The argument rests on three pillars—each independently robust, together forming an overwhelming case for IRS action.

I

IRC §864 & the TCJA: The Law Already Exists

Under IRC §864(b), foreign sellers with substantial U.S. activity already have a U.S. Trade or Business. The TCJA (2017) strengthened this — and under the "later in time" rule (IRC §7852(d)), domestic law supersedes the 1987 treaty. No new legislation required.

Learn More
II

Wayfair Establishes the Precedent

In South Dakota v. Wayfair (2018), the Supreme Court held 5-4 that physical presence is NOT required — economic nexus based on sales volume is enough. Every state adopted this for sales tax. The same principle should apply federally to income tax.

Learn More
III

Withholding Mechanisms Already Exist

FIRPTA (IRC §1445) already requires 15% withholding on foreign property sales. Backup withholding (§3406) requires 24% when no TIN is provided. IRC §1441/§1442 requires 30% withholding on foreign income. Marketplaces already collect sales tax this way — the infrastructure is in place.

Learn More

The Wayfair Analogy

If states can tax a seller with $100,000 in sales and no physical office, why can't the IRS tax a foreign seller with $10 million in sales and inventory sitting in American warehouses?

Wayfair redefined what it means to do business in America: "substantial economic presence" is enough. Applied federally to income tax, that standard captures every foreign seller currently operating tax-free in America.

States after Wayfair (sales tax)

A seller with $100,000 in annual sales to state residents owes state sales tax. No office. No warehouse. No employees. Just sales.

IRS today (income tax — the gap)

A foreign seller with $10 million in U.S. sales, inventory in 5 American warehouses, and 50,000 U.S. customers owes zero U.S. income tax. Because the 1987 treaty says so.

What should happen

The IRS issues guidance declaring that $500,000+ in annual U.S. marketplace sales constitutes a U.S. Trade or Business under IRC §864. All foreign sellers file Form 1040-NR or 1120-F and pay at standard U.S. rates.

The Evasion Problem Is Already Accelerating

When China required platforms to report seller revenue in 2025, Chinese sellers didn't comply — they evaded. U.S. LLC registrations by Chinese operators surged nearly 400% year-over-year.

780 sellers switched Amazon registrations to Hong Kong in a single month. Major sellers maintain U.S. LLCs not for compliance — but for appearances, while profits flow to China untaxed.

This is why mandatory U.S. entity and EIN registration must be paired with mandatory marketplace-level tax withholding (15–30%, using existing authority under FIRPTA, §3406, and §1441). Entity requirements alone can be circumvented. Payment withholding at the platform level cannot.

Sources: Marketplace Pulse; EcomCrew; Seller Labs, 2025

Why Withholding at the Platform Level Is Critical

Marketplace facilitator laws—already in place for sales tax in all 50 states—prove that platforms can and do withhold taxes on behalf of sellers. Extending this model to income tax withholding (at a rate between 15–30%, consistent with FIRPTA, §3406, and §1441 precedent, on net marketplace payments) is administratively straightforward and evasion-resistant, because the payment never reaches the foreign seller untaxed.

A Precedent Already Exists

The U.S. already withholds 30% on U.S.-source income paid to foreign persons under IRC §1441–1446 (FIRPTA, FDAP income). Applying equivalent withholding to marketplace disbursements is consistent with existing U.S. tax architecture—not a novel departure from it.

Source: IRS Publication — IRC §1441–1446

The De Minimis Victory

The closure of the de minimis loophole in 2025 is a meaningful step forward. Over 1.36 billion duty-free packages entered the U.S. from China in 2024 under this exemption. Closing it was the right call.

But tariffs on packages address import duties—not income tax. Foreign sellers still owe zero U.S. income tax on their profits. The de minimis closure is a floor, not a solution.

Source: NBC News, May 2025

In 2017, foreign sellers held 18% of U.S. marketplace sales.
By 2023, they crossed 50% on Amazon.
Now the pattern is accelerating across all major U.S. marketplaces — Amazon, Walmart, TikTok Shop, Temu — and American sellers can't compete.

This is not traditional competition. It is a policy-enabled asymmetry embedded in the system — playing out across every major U.S. marketplace.

Source: Marketplace Pulse, January 2025

The Unlevel Playing Field

A Built-In 50% Cost Advantage. By Design.

Same product. Same marketplace. Same American customer. The foreign seller pays zero U.S. income tax — federal and state — a built-in 50% cost advantage on every transaction (up to 37% federal + up to 13.3% state that American sellers pay and foreign sellers don't). The CCP amplifies it further with direct subsidies, tax credits, and below-market government loans for cross-border sellers targeting America across every major U.S. marketplace. We are handing our competitors a 50% cost advantage — the keys to destroy American commerce.

American Seller

Selling a $30 product on any major U.S. marketplace

$30
Product Cost35%
U.S. Income Tax (21%)21%
Marketplace Fees15%
Marketing & Operating15%
Net Profit14%
Effective profit margin: approximately 14%
Foreign Seller — Same Product

Same $30 price. Zero U.S. income tax.

$30
Product Cost (CCP-subsidized)28%
U.S. Income Tax — NOT PAID0%
Marketplace Fees15%
Marketing & Operating12%
Net Profit45%
Effective profit margin:~45% — over 3x higher than the American competitor

Illustrative model. Excludes company-level fixed costs. Source: AEBA policy analysis.

Why should an American pay more
to sell to Americans than a foreigner does?

Same marketplace. Same American customer. Same product. The American seller pays up to 50.3% in combined federal and state income tax. The foreign competitor pays zero — across every major U.S. marketplace. We are handing our competitors a 50% cost advantage — the keys to destroy American commerce.

See the Full Timeline: The Silent Takeover →

Ten Ways the System Is Broken

The problem is not a single loophole. It is a systemic failure — exploited simultaneously across tax, customs, consumer protection, and intellectual property.

01

No Consumer Protection

Americans injured by foreign-sold products have no legal recourse — foreign sellers cannot be effectively sued or compelled to pay judgments in U.S. courts.

02

Intellectual Property Theft at Scale

Chinese sellers copy American products, list counterfeits on the same platforms, then reopen under a new name when caught — with no consequence.

USPTO
03

Zero U.S. Income Tax on $220B+ in Sales

$220 billion+ in annual U.S. marketplace sales across all major platforms. Zero U.S. income tax (federal and state). A 50% built-in cost advantage over every American competitor who pays combined rates up to 50.3%.

Marketplace Pulse / AEBA analysis
04

Systematic Tariff Fraud

Sellers undervalue invoices, mislabel goods, and reroute through Vietnam and Mexico to evade tariffs — at a volume CBP cannot inspect.

CBP enforcement reports
05

State-Sponsored Competition

The CCP subsidizes cross-border sellers targeting America with tax credits, direct grants, and below-market government loans.

ITIF, April 2025
06

Review and Search Manipulation

Foreign sellers manipulate reviews, sabotage competitor listings, and game algorithms — with zero accountability — while American businesses absorb the damage.

FTC enforcement records
07

Lax Platform Enforcement

Every enforcement action is undone the next day when the same seller opens a new account.

08

Forced Labor and Contraband

Forced-labor goods undercut U.S. manufacturing, and the de minimis loophole doubled as a fentanyl smuggling channel — closed in 2025, but income tax evasion continues.

House Select Committee on the CCP, 2023
09

USPTO Overwhelmed by Weaponized Filings

Chinese USPTO filings surged from 8,000 in 2010 to 48,000 in 2020 — fraudulent patents filed specifically to remove American sellers from marketplaces.

USPTO annual report
10

National Economic Security Risk

Tens of thousands of American businesses destroyed through structural disadvantage — the same threat profile that led Congress to act on TikTok, at larger economic scale.

The Data Is Clear

Each number below is sourced, updated, and represents a measurable dimension of the crisis. Every statistic reflects a policy failure costing American businesses and the U.S. Treasury right now.

50%+

Foreign share of top sellers on U.S. marketplaces

American sellers dropped below the majority in 2023 and have not recovered.

Marketplace Pulse, Jan. 2025
62.3%

Share of new Amazon seller registrations that are Chinese

American sellers: 26.8% of new registrations. Down from 70.6% in 2015.

Marketplace Pulse, 2024
$220B+

Estimated Chinese seller revenue across all major U.S. marketplaces

$132B on Amazon alone, plus Temu, Shein, TikTok Shop, Walmart & others. Zero U.S. income tax paid.

AEBA Tier 1 Bottom-Up Analysis, 2024
1.36B

Packages from China that entered the U.S. duty-free in 2024

Up from 139 million in 2015. De minimis loophole now closed (2025).

House Select Committee on the CCP, 2025
$382.9B

U.S.–China trade deficit (2022)

Over 40% of the nation's total trade gap. E-commerce untaxed outflows compound this.

U.S. Census Bureau, 2022
400%

Increase in U.S. LLC registrations by Chinese operators in 2025

A direct response to China's new seller reporting requirements—evading, not complying.

EcomCrew / Marketplace Pulse, 2025

Foreign Seller Marketplace Share: A Decade of Shift

Percentage of top sellers on major U.S. marketplaces that are foreign-based

Source: Marketplace Pulse (2025)

2015
7%
2017
18%
2019
28%
2021
38%
2023
50% — Americans lose majority
2025
57%+ at million-dollar level
$9–60B

Annual U.S. tax revenue not collected because the IRS has not applied IRC §864 and the TCJA to foreign marketplace sellers

Source: AEBA analysis, Appendix A

50%

Structural cost advantage foreign sellers hold over every U.S. competitor — up to 37% federal + 13.3% state income tax they don't pay

Source: AEBA unit economics model

$200B+

Total U.S. tariff revenue collected in 2025 — the benchmark for what the tax fix could approach

Source: U.S. CBP, 2025

What Is at Stake

America Already Lost Its Factories.

Can It Afford to Lose Its Brands?

The promise was simple: America would design the products, build the brands, and let the world manufacture. That promise has one condition. The brand builders have to survive. Right now, they can't.

Act I
1980s – 2000s

We Lost Manufacturing

Factories moved to China. The argument: America would compete on higher-value work — design, innovation, brand-building — keeping the commercial value while outsourcing production.

Done. Accepted.
Deep Dive →
Act II
2017 – 2025

We Are Losing the Brand Builders

The small businesses that honored that bargain — designing products, building audiences, selling direct — are being systematically eliminated. Not by better products. By a 50% tax advantage (up to 37% federal + 13.3% state), CCP subsidies, and zero U.S. tax liability.

Happening now.
Deep Dive →
Act III
2025 – 2035 if nothing changes

We Lose the Creators Entirely

Foreign sellers own 70–80% of marketplace sales, entrenched behind years of reviews, rankings, and customer data built under a rigged system. The pipeline from American idea to American shelf is permanently broken.

Still preventable.
Deep Dive →

Retail. Warehousing. Last-mile delivery. Consumer data. Every layer is under threat.

See the Full Picture: All Six Layers →

The Brand Is the Product. And We Are Giving It Away.

An American small business that builds a brand creates real assets: a name, a customer base, IP, market position — a node in the American economy paying taxes and employing people.

When a Chinese seller with a 50% cost advantage copies that product and buries it with manipulated reviews, the American brand loses everything: IP stolen, customers captured, market position transferred to an entity that paid nothing to build it. This happens 50,000 times a year. There is no legal mechanism for recovery.

If Nothing Changes — The 10-Year Scenario

By 2027

Foreign sellers hold 65–70% of U.S. marketplace sales.

New American entrants face years of accumulated reviews, rankings, and customer data built under a rigged system — a wall they cannot climb.

By 2030

The American brand-building pipeline collapses.

The startup that would have become a $50M American brand never makes it past year two — you cannot outwork a 50% structural tax advantage.

By 2033

American entrepreneurs exit the product economy.

The next generation of American entrepreneurs abandons product-building entirely — because the economics are permanently broken.

End state

Americans become consumers only. Never creators.

America buys. China builds and brands. The last competitive advantage we kept after losing manufacturing — gone.

Even if we fix the rules tomorrow, the moats built under the broken system will persist for a decade. Reviews don't disappear. Search rankings don't reset. Customer relationships don't transfer back.

This is why delay compounds the damage. Every year of inaction is a year of moat-building that will take a decade to undo.

The Review Moat

A Chinese seller from 2018 has six years of reviews — often manipulated. An American startup today launches against 40,000 ratings earned under a rigged system, and changing the tax rules alone won't erase them.

The Search Moat

Marketplace algorithms favor long sales histories and established ad spend — all built with a 50% cost advantage — ranking positions that would have taken 5–7 years to build fairly.

The Capital Moat

Chinese sellers extracted billions in untaxed U.S. profit and reinvested it in product development and pricing power — capital American competitors, paying full taxes, cannot match.

Congress Acted on TikTok When It Saw the Threat. The Threat Here Is Larger.

When Congress determined that a Chinese-owned social media platform posed a national security risk, it acted. The argument was straightforward: a foreign adversary controlling access to American consumers and their data is unacceptable.

The e-commerce crisis is structurally identical — and larger in economic consequence. Foreign sellers aren't just accessing American consumers; they are displacing the American businesses that serve them, capturing value that would have stayed here, paying zero taxes, and meeting zero consumer protection standards. TikTok protected American attention. This protects American commerce. It is more consequential.

The Test of Seriousness

Can we afford to lose the ability of Americans to build product brands?

No. Brand ownership is where innovation, employment, and tax revenue originate — losing it is not an economic abstraction.

Is this a problem that solves itself with time or market forces?

No. Markets do not self-correct against a state actor. This distortion is government-made and requires a government response.

Is the solution technically difficult or legally unclear?

No. The IRS has authority. The Supreme Court established the principle. The mechanism already exists. This is a question of will.

Does delay make the problem better or worse?

Worse, every year — moats deepen, businesses close permanently, and the cost of recovery compounds.

Every day of inaction is a transfer.
A transfer of wealth, of brands, of commercial sovereignty—from American hands to foreign ones.

No new law. No trade war. No treaty renegotiation. The authority already exists under IRC §864 and the TCJA. Wayfair established the precedent. What is missing is the will to act.

The Full Reform Package

Three immediate actions. Thirteen structural reforms. All of it doable now.

Tax ReformConsumer ProtectionTrade FairnessIP ProtectionEconomic GrowthTransparency
Start Here — Three Actions That Don't Require Congress
Priority 01Tax Reform

IRS Applies Existing Domestic Law

Declare that $500,000+ in annual U.S. marketplace sales constitutes a U.S. Trade or Business under IRC §864. The TCJA strengthened this authority. Implement withholding under FIRPTA (§1445), backup withholding (§3406), or §1441/§1442. No new law required.

Administrative action only. Effective upon issuance.

Priority 02Tax Enforcement

Mandatory Withholding at the Platform Level

Marketplaces withhold a percentage (15–30%, per existing precedent under FIRPTA, §3406, and §1441) of disbursements to foreign sellers and remit to the IRS — exactly how sales tax collection already works. Evasion-proof by design.

Precedent: FIRPTA 15% (§1445), backup 24% (§3406), foreign persons 30% (§1441). Rate at IRS discretion.

Priority 03Entity Requirement

Mandatory U.S. Entity + EIN

Every seller on a U.S. marketplace must hold a U.S. legal entity and EIN. No entity, no marketplace access. Pairs with withholding to close the evasion loop.

Addresses the Hong Kong re-registration surge documented in 2025.

Complete 16-point framework below — addressing tax, enforcement, consumer protection, trade fairness, and platform accountability.

#1Tax Reform

Apply IRC §864 & the TCJA — Override the Treaty Shield

Foreign sellers hide behind the 1987 treaty to avoid U.S. income tax. But IRC §864 and the TCJA already establish their tax obligations. Under §7852(d), domestic law supersedes the treaty. The IRS should apply existing law and implement mandatory marketplace withholding.

#2Tax Reform

Mandatory U.S. Entity, EIN and Tax Compliance

All sellers—foreign and domestic—must maintain a U.S. legal entity, a U.S. Employer Identification Number, and pay U.S. income and corporate tax rates on U.S.-source income.

#3Tax Enforcement

Mandatory Marketplace Tax Withholding

Marketplaces must withhold a percentage of disbursements to foreign sellers and remit directly to the IRS. Established precedent ranges from 15% (FIRPTA, §1445) to 24% (backup withholding, §3406) to 30% (§1441/§1442). The IRS should determine the appropriate rate using these existing frameworks.

#4Consumer Protection

180-Day Fund Hold Period

Foreign seller funds must be held for 180 days to allow resolution of consumer protection claims, IP disputes, and fraud investigations—preventing fund flight to foreign accounts before legal remedies can be pursued.

#5Consumer Protection

U.S. Responsible Persons and Liability Bonds

Foreign companies must appoint a U.S.-based responsible person and maintain liability bonds of $1M+ in a U.S. bank account. Creates enforceable domestic legal recourse for injured consumers.

#6Trade Fairness

Tariffs Based on True Country of Origin

Tariffs based on the entity and entity owner's true country of origin, closing transshipment loopholes via Vietnam, Mexico, and Canada. Clearly defined exemptions for genuinely U.S.-owned and operated companies.

#7Economic Growth

Federal Incentives for Domestic Manufacturing

Direct federal incentives for small businesses to invest in and manufacture within the United States—rebuilding American industrial capacity at the small-business level.

#8IP Protection

90-Day Product Pre-Registration

Foreign sellers must pre-register all products 90 days before sale. IP owners may review and block infringing products before they go live. Platforms and ad-tech companies must build this into their infrastructure.

#9Transparency

Open All Import Records to the Public

All HTS/HS/Import records must be publicly accessible—enabling self-policing by American businesses, journalists, researchers, and law enforcement tracking foreign seller activity.

#10Transparency

Mandatory Seller and Product Origin Disclosure

Marketplaces must visibly display the seller's country of origin, HS/HTS codes, and all tariff information for every listed product—giving consumers and sellers full visibility to self-police.

#11Consumer Protection

Mandatory U.S. Insurance Coverage

All foreign and Chinese sellers must be insured by licensed U.S. insurance providers—creating a domestic claims mechanism for consumers injured by defective or counterfeit products.

#12Platform Accountability

Marketplace Liability for Policy Enforcement

Platforms must be held liable for enforcing their own marketplace policies—including review manipulation, search ranking abuse, counterfeit listings, and other forms of commercial fraud.

#13Platform Fairness

Equal Fee Structures for All Sellers

Marketplaces cannot offer preferential incentives, lower fees, or special promotional terms to foreign sellers. All seller treatment must be equal regardless of country of origin.

#14IP Protection

No USPTO Registrations Without a U.S. Entity

Trademark and patent registrations at the USPTO must require a valid U.S. legal entity—closing the loophole enabling mass weaponized filings from foreign entities (48,000 Chinese USPTO filings in 2020 alone).

#15Consumer Safety

All Compliance Testing Must Be U.S.-Based

Product compliance and safety testing for any good sold on U.S. marketplaces must be conducted by accredited U.S. testing facilities—not foreign labs with no accountability to U.S. standards.

#16Trade Fairness

Close the De Minimis Loophole

The $800 duty-free threshold was exploited to avoid tariffs, smuggle fentanyl, and circumvent customs inspection. The 2025 closure was the right call. This must be made permanent and airtight.

Expected Outcomes

$9–60B in Recovered Tax Revenue

Annually — recovered without new taxes, new laws, or new tariffs

A Level Playing Field

All marketplace participants held to identical standards, regardless of where they are incorporated

Enhanced Consumer Protection

Real accountability for product safety, counterfeits, and fraud—with enforceable domestic remedies

Increased Industrial Capacity

Federal incentives rebuild American manufacturing at the small-business level across rural and urban areas

Reduced Supply Chain Risk

Less dependence on overseas supply chains vulnerable to geopolitical disruption or manipulation

Balanced Trade Relations

Reciprocity enforced consistently—the same rules we apply to American companies, applied to everyone

This Is Not Just a Business Problem.
American Consumers Are Being Harmed.

The cost of inaction shows up in emergency rooms, pharmacies, and data breach reports — not just boardrooms.

350,000

Americans seriously injured by counterfeit products every year

More than 75% of harmful counterfeit products entering the U.S. originate from China. With no U.S. legal entity required and no liability bonds mandated, injured consumers have no recourse.

Source: USPTO estimates

Counterfeit Medications

Fake pharmaceuticals and supplements with unknown, unregulated ingredients sold through standard marketplace listings.

FDA enforcement records

Uncertified Electrical Products

Chargers, cables, and devices that fail U.S. safety standards cause fires and electrocutions. UL certification is ignored.

CPSC product safety database

Children's Product Risks

Toys and children's products bypassing U.S. safety requirements listed alongside compliant domestic goods with no disclosure.

CPSC

Consumer Data Theft

Foreign marketplace operators harvest U.S. consumer data and sell it on dark web marketplaces. 1,862 data breaches recorded in 2021—68% more than 2020.

ITRC Annual Data Breach Report, 2021
$400M+

Substandard or counterfeit PPE

Entered U.S. channels during COVID-19, per DHS reporting

Source: DHS
$2.3B

Flagged cross-border transactions

Suspicious e-commerce activity flagged in 2022, indicating money laundering through storefronts

Source: DEA, 2022
48,000

Chinese USPTO trademark filings in 2020

Up from 8,000 in 2010. Fraudulent patents weaponized to remove American sellers from platforms.

Source: USPTO Annual Report

A Win Worth Noting: The De Minimis Loophole Is Closed

The 2025 closure of the de minimis exemption—which allowed over 1.36 billion packages to enter the U.S. duty-free from China in 2024—is a meaningful and necessary step. The exemption was being exploited to avoid customs scrutiny, evade tariffs, and smuggle fentanyl. Closing it was the right decision.

However: tariff reform addresses duty on imports, not income tax on profits. Foreign sellers still owe zero U.S. income tax on billions in marketplace earnings. The de minimis closure is a floor. The IRS action is the ceiling.

Source: NBC News, May 2025

In the News

The e-commerce fairness crisis is well-documented. These are the stories from journalists, researchers, and analysts covering it.

Breaking LegislationMarch 9, 2026

The SAFE Act: Senate Bill Targets Foreign Seller Fraud on U.S. Marketplaces

Senator Bill Cassidy (R-LA) introduced the Securing Accountability in Foreign Entries (SAFE) Act — legislation that directly advances AEBA's core mission by requiring verifiable, accountable parties to serve as importers of record. Foreign entities without meaningful U.S. presence can no longer hide behind the system.

“American markets should be safe from foreign fraudsters. We’re making it easier to do business with the partners we trust, and harder for those we don’t.”

— Sen. Bill Cassidy (R-LA)

How the SAFE Act Advances AEBA's Mission

Importer Accountability

Requires verifiable U.S. presence — aligns with AEBA Priority 03: Mandatory U.S. Entity + EIN.

Levels the Playing Field

Ends the decades-long practice letting foreign sellers bypass the rules American businesses follow.

Customs Integrity

Strengthens bonding requirements and trade enforcement — closing gaps that enable fraud.

Bipartisan Momentum

Backed by Flexport, Coalition for a Prosperous America, and trade enforcement organizations.

Market Data

China Reaches Global Majority on Amazon

For the first time, Chinese sellers hold the majority position on Amazon globally. Their share of new seller registrations reached 62.3%, while American sellers fell to 26.8%.

Marketplace Pulse2024
Market Analysis

Are Chinese Sellers Taking Over Amazon? It Depends on the Category

SmartScout analysis finds that 57% of Amazon sellers earning over $1M in revenue are Chinese. In cities with the most Amazon sellers, more than half are in China—Shenzhen alone hosts 102,000+.

SmartScout2024
Policy

White House Takes Action on Trade Loophole Exploited by Chinese E-Commerce

The Biden administration proposed eliminating the de minimis exemption for goods subject to tariffs, targeting Chinese platforms that structured entire expansion strategies around this $800 threshold.

The American ProspectSept 2024
Tariffs

De Minimis Loophole Shut Down: SHEIN and Temu Face New Tariffs

Trump's executive order ended the de minimis exemption for Chinese goods. Over 1.36 billion packages entered the U.S. duty-free in 2024 alone. New tariffs: 90% of value or $75—rising to $150.

NBC News / WebyCorp2025
National Security

How China's State-Backed E-Commerce Platforms Threaten American Consumers and U.S. Technology Leadership

ITIF analysis shows China uses unfair industrial policy—subsidies, regulatory support, state-backed logistics—to boost domestic platforms' global expansion at the expense of American competitors.

ITIFApr 2025
Policy

How to Close Loopholes on Chinese E-Commerce and Boost U.S. Retailers

In 2018, China exported $5.3B in low-value single packages globally. By 2023, that number ballooned to $66B—with nearly $20B imported to the U.S. alone. This must stop.

ITIF / The HillFeb 2025
Trade

Trump Tariffs Mean Higher Prices, Big Losses for Amazon Sellers That Source from China

As tariffs rise, the reliance of American sellers on Chinese manufacturing becomes a vulnerability. Over 70% of Amazon sellers source from China—a supply chain risk amplified by recent trade policy shifts.

CNBCApr 2025
IP Rights

Chinese Businesses Acquire U.S. IP to Curtail Competition from Chinese Competitors

Chinese sellers are filing fraudulent U.S. patents for pre-existing products—then weaponizing those patents to remove American sellers from online marketplaces. Fighting these claims often costs more than the product is worth.

Hunton / Retail TouchPoints2024

Free markets only work when they are fair markets.

Join the American E-Commerce Business Alliance

The AEBA represents American businesses of all sizes who believe in one principle: everyone who profits from American consumers should play by American rules. A free and fair marketplace is not a political position—it is the foundation of commerce. Add your company's name to the growing coalition demanding it.

Coalition Members

112+
Companies signed
$2.9B+
Revenue represented

By signing, your company pledges to:

  • Support and advocate for the AEBA 16-Point Reform Package
  • Educate your network about the e-commerce fairness crisis
  • Engage with elected representatives to advance these reforms
  • Stand for a fair, free, and competitive online marketplace for all

Sign the AEBA Pledge

Add your company to the growing coalition. Takes 60 seconds.

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Your information is kept confidential and used only for coalition advocacy purposes.

Get in Touch

Whether you're a business owner who has been affected by unfair marketplace competition, a policy researcher, a journalist, or a member of Congress looking to understand the issue—we want to hear from you.

General Inquiries

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For Congressional Offices

We are available to brief congressional staff, participate in committee hearings, and provide detailed policy analysis. The full AEBA policy proposal and supporting data are available upon request. Use the contact form to schedule a briefing.

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